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Appendix C Endnotes

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Council on Sustainable Development

APPENDIX C
ENDNOTES

1. Executive Order No. 12852, 29 June 1993, amended 19 July 1993, 42 U.S.C. 4321.

2. The President's Council on Sustainable Development, Sustainable America: A New Consensus (Washington, D.C., 1996).

3. The World Commission on Environment and Development (The Brundtland Commission), Our Common Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 43.

4. American Wind Energy Association, 1994 Wind Energy Status Report (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 2.

5. The discussion and statistics on climate change are derived from a series of reports issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, J.T. Houghton, G.J. Jenkins, and J.J. Ephraums, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the Scientific Assessment, J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callander, and S.K. Varney, eds., (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992); and Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, J.T Houghton et al., eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).

6. Ibid.

7. G. Marland, R.J. Andres, and TA. Boden, "Global, Regional, and Natural C02 Emissions," in T.A. Boden et al., eds., Trends '93: A Compendium of Data on Global Change (Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994), pp. 505-84; and World Resources Institute, World Resources 1994-95 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 202, table 11.7. Future projections are from International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 1995 (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/International Energy Agency, 1995), pp. 48-49.

8. US. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review February 1996 (Washington, D.C., 1996), p. 17, table 1.1; U.S. Department of Energy, Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 15 (Washington, D.C., 1995), p. 3-20, table 3.11.

9. Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 15, p. 2-42, table 2.24.

10. U.S. Department of Commerce, Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) Secretariat, PNGV Program Plan, 23 August 1995, p. 5-3.

11. U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 97, table 39.

12. Economic Report of the President (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995), p. 277, table B-2.

13. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1993 (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 17, table 1.7.

14. Ibid., p. 13, table 1.5; and p. 263, table 1O.1.

15. Ibid., p. 233, table 8.2; and p. 237, table 8.4.

16. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Renewable Resources in the U.S. Electricity Supply (Washington, D.C., 1993), p. 6.

17. Annual Energy Review 1993, p. 17, table 1.7.

18. Ibid., p. 39, table 2.1 (for energy use); and p. 17, table 1.7 (for GDP).

19. Ibid., p. 17, table 1.7.

20. Energy Policy Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102-486, 106 Stat 2776.

21. Alliance to Save Energy et al., America's Energy Choices (Cambridge, Mass.: The Union of Concemed Scientists, 1991), p. 5.

22. U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Strategy 1991/1992, Technical Annex 2: Integrated Analysis Supporting the National Energy Strategy (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1991), p. 11, table 2-2, and p. 22, table 3-2.

23. Electric Power Research Institute, Efficient Electrici Use: Estimates of Maximum Energy Savings, CU-6746 (Calif., 1990); Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Efficiency: How Far Can We Go? (Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1990).

24. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 1995 (Washington, D.C., 1995), p. 99, table B1; and p. 146, table C17.

25. Annual Energy Review 1993, p. 13, table 1.5; and p. 263, table 1O.1.

26. Annual Energy Outlook 1995, p. 125, table C1; and pp. 145-46, table C17.

27. J. Yancher, "The U.S. Electricity Outlook," Electrical World, January 1995.

28. Annual Energy Review 1993, p. 233, table 8.2; and p. 237, table 8.4. Annual Energy Outlook 1995, p. 100, table B2; and p. 109, table B8.

29. Annual Energy Review 1993, p. 233, table 8.2; and p. 237, table 8.4.

30. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Energy Facts 1992 (Washington, D.C., 1992), p. 64.

31. Annual Energy Outlook 1995, p. 100, table B2; and p. 109, table B8.

32. Ibid., pp. 110-111, table B9.

33. U.S. Department of Energy, Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 13 (Washington, D.C., 1993), p. 2-22, table 2.12; and p. 2-25, table 2.14; and U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Supplement to the Annual Energy Outlook 1995, DOE/EIA-0554(95) (Washington, D.C., 1995), p. 7, table I (for carbon emission factors).

34. Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 13, p. 2-22, table 2.12.

35. Federal Highway Administration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey: 1990 NPTS Databook, vol. I (Washington, D.C., 1993), p. 4-68, table 4.39.

36. U.S. Department of Commerce, The Effect of Imports of Crude Oil and Refined Petroleum Products on the National Security (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. ES-4.

37. U.S. Department of Transportation, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 1994 (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 89.

38. The Effect of Imports of Crude Oil and Refined Petroleum Products on the National Security, pp. ES-3-ES-4.

39. Ibid., p. ES-4.

40. Ibid., p. 11-25, table 11-10.

41. Ibid., pp. ES-4 and II-11.

42. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review February 1995 (Washington, D.C., 1995), p. 15, table 1.8.

43. Ibid., pp. 42-43, tables 3.1a-3.1b.

44. Ibid., p. 11, table 1.6; and Economic Report of the President, p. 277, table B-2 (for GDP).

45. Annual Energy Outlook 1995, p. 113, table B11; and p. 139, table C11.

46. Ibid., p. 113, table B11; p. 122, table B19; p. 125, table C1; p. 139, table C11; and p. 148, table C19; Monthly Energy Review February 1995, p. 11, table 1.6; and Economic Report of the President, p. 277, table B-2.

47. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 1994, DOE/EIA-0383(94) (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 17.

48. Robert Repetto et al., Green Fees: How a Tax Shift Can Workfor the Environment and the Economy (Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 1992), p. 48.

49. Federal Highway Administration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey 1990: Summary of Travel Trends (Washington, D.C., 1992), p. 18, table 7.

50. Federal Highway Administration, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey 1990: NPTS Databook, vol. I (Washington, D.C., 1993), p. 4-107, table 4.64.

51. Michael D. Meyer, "Alternative Methods for Measuring Congestion Levels," Curbing Gridlock:Peak Period Fees to Relieve Congestion, pp. 52-55; and Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 631, table 1013.

52. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 631, table 1013.

53. Green Fees, p. 48.

54. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 631, table 1013.

55. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Saving Energy in U.S. Transportation (Washington, D.C., 1994).

56. Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 13, p. 2-22, table 2.12.

57. Summary of Travel Trends, p. 20, table 8.

58. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 639, table 1028.

59. Supplement to the Annual Energy Outlook 1995, p. 184, table 47; and Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 13, p. 2-22, table 2.12.

60. Supplement to the Annual Energy Outlook 1995, p. 40.

61. Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 13, p. 2-22, table 2.12.

62. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102-240, 105 Stat. 1914; and Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Pub. L. 101-549, 104 Stat. 2399.

63. 1990 NPTS Databook, vol. 1, p. 4-41, table 4.23.

64. Ibid.

65. Ibid., p. 4-89, table 4.53.

66. Ibid., p. 4-68, table 4.39.

67. LINK Resources Corp., U.S. Home Office Overview, 1994 (New York, 1994), p. 25.

68. U.S. Department of Transportation, The National Bicycling and Walking Study 1994 (Washington, D.C., 1994).

69. Saving Energy in U.S. Transportation, p. 89.

70. "The U.S. Electricity Outlook."

71. Ibid.

72. Marc Chupka, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy, April 1995, Personal Communication.

73. Ibid.

74. Edward Moscovitch, "DSM and the Broader Economy: The Economic Impacts of Utility Efficiency Programs," The Electricity Journal, May 1994: 15.

75. Mark D. Levine et al., Energy Efficiency Market Failures and Government Policy, ORNL/CON-383 (Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994).

76. DSM and the Broader Economy, p. 15.

77. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 330, table 504; and p. 331, table 505.

78. Ibid., p. 233, table 369; p. 237, table 376; and p. 590, table 929.

79. Ibid., p. 237, table 376; and President William J. Clinton and Vice President Albert Gore, Jr., The Climate Change Action Plan (Washington, D.C.: The White House, 1993), p. 15.

80. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 590, table 929.

81. For an evaluation of intelligent transportation systems, see Congressional Budget Office, High-Tech Highways: Intelligent Transportation Systems and Policy (Washington, D.C.: Govermnent Printing Office, 1995).

82. Green Fees, pp. 40-41.

83. Ibid., pp. 36, 42, 45, and 47.

84. John Holtzclaw, Using Residential Patterns to Decrease Auto Dependence (New York: Natural Resources Defense Council).

85. Malcolm Verdict, Alliance to Save Energy, March 1995, Personal Communication.

86. U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Strategy, p. 46.

87. Monthly Energy Review February 1996, (Washington, D.C.: Govermnent Printing Office, 1991) p. 13, table 1.7.

88. The Climate Change Action Plan, Action Descriptions p. 11.

89. Energy Policy Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102-486, 106 Stat. 2776.

90. The Climate Change Action Plan, pp. 13-14, and Action Descriptions pp. 7-8.

91. FEMP Program Overview, Energy Efficiency and Resource Conservation Challenge, U.S. Department of Energy (Washington, D.C., 1995)

92. Executive Order 12902, 8 March 1994, 42 U.S.C. 6201; Energy Policy Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102-486, 106 Stat. 2776.

93. The Climate Change Action Plan, Action Descriptions p. 1.

94. The National Coal Council, Clean Coal Technology For Sustainable Development (Washington, D.C., 1994), pp. 1 and 5.

95. Elizabeth Campbell, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy, January 1995, Personal Communication.

96. Clean Coal Technology For Sustainable Development, p. 1.

97. The Alliance to Save Energy, The Greening of Federal Disaster Relief Policies (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 1.

98. PNGV Program Plan.

99. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102-240, 105 Stat 1914.

Appendix D: List of Figures
Table of Contents

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Energy and Transportation Task Force Report

Preface

Chapter 1: Findings

Chapter 2: Task Force Goals & Indicators

Chapter 3: Policy Recommendations

Appendix A Scenario Narrratives

Appendix B Other Policy Options Considered

Appendix C Endnotes

Appendix D List of Figures

Appendix E List of Tables

Acknowledgements